How Are Electromagnets Used in Roller Coasters Design

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Many newer roller coasters have an unpredictable start, immediately launching off quickly, instead of making that gradual climb up a hill before sending us on a terrific series of drops and hills. This new launch style mainly uses magnets to achieve quick acceleration at the beginning of the ride.

Roller Coaster Magnets

The type of permanent magnets used in a roller coaster may vary, but the ride depends on both the negative and positive abilities of magnets. The quick launch of a car is often due to magnetic propulsion. This relies on magnets repelling rather than attracting one another. Estimates with very strong magnets suggest such propulsion could send a ride up to 100 mph (161 kph) in a matter of seconds.

When one attempts to put magnets together that don't attract, they push off against each other. While usual household magnets don't have that much strength, one can still feel a push away from each magnet, almost as if they are trying to escape from each other. Combine strong magnets with a roller coaster and one develops an efficient way to launch a car forward quickly.

Additionally, a roller coaster may also rely on magnetic braking, where magnets, which attract each other gradually, slow down the car. These brakes tend to require less replacement than ordinary ride brakes, and are a cost saving as well as energy saving device.

Often, magnets on a roller coaster are controlled through automated systems. When propulsion is desired, magnets with different polarities may push down against the sides of the track to make contact with magnets with opposite polarities. When attraction is needed, magnets placed along the track gradually slow the coaster down.

The first ride to use magnetic propulsion was the Flight of Fear, in Kings Island near Cincinnati, Ohio. Other parks have quickly copied this roller coaster, completed in 1996. Millennium Force, built in 2000 at Cedar Point, a popular theme park in Sandusky, Ohio, was the first to use magnetic brakes. Magnetic braking is now so popular that it is employed on almost all newly built or designed roller coasters. Magnetic propulsion is hugely popular, and is employed on many super or hypercoasters.

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How Are Electromagnets Used in Roller Coasters Design

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